• a. Agamemnon and Men quarrel and split the troops and leave.
• b. Agamemnon sailed with some Locrians (near Delphi)
• c. Near Mykonos, Athena wrecks many Locrian ships, including that of the Lesser Ajax
• d. He had raped Cassandra at her altar at the fall of Troy
• e. Nauplius, in revenge for the death of his son Palamedes, lures with false beacons some of the ships at Cape Caphareus in Euboea
• f. Agamemnon gets home, Aegisthus and Clytemnestra kill him

2. Menelaus, Nestor, and Diomedes

• a. Nestor had an easy voyage back to Pylos
• b. Men met a storm and lost all but 5 ships off Crete
• c. He reached Egypt, wandered over northern Africa
• d. Sea nymph Eidothea told him to capture her father Nereus (old man of sea in Odyssey), who could tell him how to appease the gods and return home
• e. After 7 or 8 years he returns to Sparta, where he resumed his rule with Helen once more his queen
• f. At end of his life, he is translated to the Elysian fields

3. Diomedes

• a. Quickly reached Argos
• b. Aphrodite, angry because he wounded her, caused his wife Aegialeia, daughter of Adrastus, to commit adultry.
• c. Diomedes wandered, went to Italy, founded cities
• d. When Aeneas got to Latium, Diomedes refused to send help to the Italians (and king Latinus) against the Trojans
• e. He was buried in S. Italy, Apulia
• f. Worshipped as a hero in the Adriatic
• g. His followers were turned into birds

4. Idomeneus

• a. his wife Meda also committed adultry with Leucus, who murdered her and her daughter and made himself king
• b. Idomeneus was driven out by Leucus
• c. Went to Calabria in southern Italy
• d. Worshipped as hero after his death
• e. Promised on the way home, in a storm, that he would sacrifice to Poseidon the first thing that met him on his return
• f. His son met him. He sacrificed him, then a plague came, and the Cretans thought it was for his sacrilege and drove him away

• a. Driven from his city of Meliboea in Thessaly and went to Campania, near Naples
• b. Founded cities in Southern Italy
• c. Began a cult of Apollo
• d. Died fighting Italians
• e. Worshipped as a hero.

• a. Warned by Thetis not to return by sea, returned by land to Molossia/Epirus
• b. Then he gave Andromache to Helenus
• c. Then he went to Phthia when his grandfather Peleus died
• d. Married Hermione, daughter of Helen and Menelaus
• e. Went to Delphi, was killed by Orestes, who then married Hermione

7. Odysseus

• a. character of Odysseus during the war: wisest and brave
• b. after death of Achilles, he inherited his divine armor
• c. In the Odyssey he has many adventures, and escapes from much danger because of his intelligence and courage
• d. meets men and monsters and gods
• e. returns to Penelope

8. The Odyssey

• a. begins in medias res
• b. He is on Ogygia with Calypso, whose name means hidden
• c. Sails to Scherie, island of the Phaeacians
• d. Relates his adventures to Alcinoös and Arete
• e. Returns to Ithaca, gets rid of suitors, and finds Penelope
• f. he dominates the story
• g. gods also play prominent parts

9. Odysseus's adventures as he tells them to the Phaeacians:

• a. Cicones: city of Ismarus in Thrace. Sacks the city and spares the priest of Apollo Maron, who gives them very good wine
• b. Lotus eaters: people want to forget everything, even going home, and remain
• c. Cyclopes: in the cave with Polyphemus. Many men eaten. Ruse of Outis. Blinding of the Cyclops, drunk on Maron's wine. Escape under the ram. Boasting of the deed to Cyclops, with his name. Curse of the Cyclops.
• d. Aeolus: 6 sons married to 6 daughters. gives Odysseus winds to get home, but he falls asleep. In sight of Ithaca, his men think the sack of winds is treasure Odysseus won't share with them, so they open the sack and the ships are blown off course. Odysseus awakes, sails back to Aeolus, who refuses to help him because he must be hated by the gods.
• e. Laestrygonians: giant cannibals who eat his men and sink all his ships but one
• f. Circe: On the island of Aeaea. Odysseus at ships with half the men; Eurylochus to Circe with the other half. He hides, they are turned into swine. Hermes gives Odysseus moly, he tames and beds Circe and his men are restored. Stays there a year or so. Loses Elpenor when he leaves.
• g. Nekyia: Book 11. Cimmerians in the west. The trench and sacrifice. Elpenor appears. Teiresias and his prophecy: control yourself. Blood must be drunk for spirits to talk: Anticleia, Agamemnon, Achilles; Ajax will not speak. Achilles' words. Eoiai. Sinners. Leaves in fear of the Gorgon. Sails back to Aeaea.
• h. Sirens. He says there are 2. Wax in the ears of his men, he is lashed to mast.
• i. Planktai (how they differ from the Symplegades, "crashing ones"). S are in the N. end of the Bosporos and thus the gate to the Euxine Sea. Crashed together. The Argo barely got through. Planktai ("wandering ones"), are similar but in an unspecified place. Odysseus avoides them
• j. Scylla: daughter of Phorcys, sea nymph changed into monster by jealous Amphitrite. She has around her belly 6 dogs heads and 12 feet. She snatches some of Odysseus's men. Going by Scylla he avoids the opposite danger, Charybdis
• k. Cattle of the Sun, Helios, on the island of Thrinacia. Men too starved not to eat when he falls asleep. Helios complained to Zeus, who raised a storm and hurled a t-bolt at it. Ship sank, all men except Odysseus drowned. He floats on the mast.
• l. Charybdis. He drifts here and when mast sucked down, catches and clings to a tree until he can mast is thrown back up.
• m. Calypso: Drifts to Ogygia, where he stays 7 years. He offers to make her immortal, but he pines for Ithaca. Hermes, sent from Zeus, tells her to let him go. She helps him build a raft.
• n. Raft is shattered by Poseidon. Sea goddess, who used to be Ino, daughter of Cadmus, sister of Agave and Semele, helped him reach Scherie
• o. Nausicaa: He meets her as she washes clothes, and she leads him to the city
• p. Phaeacians: they feast him, listen to his story, have games and dances, give him treasures,

Back to Ithaca:

• a. the Phaecians send him on his way in their magic ships, which are turned to stone on their return, and island ringed with mountains by Poseidon because they helped Odysseus
• b. Once home, he is disguised by Athena as a poor traveller and beggar. Taken in my Eumaeus, swineherd. Reveals self to son, who has returned from travels to Nestor and Menelaus. They plot to fight the 112 suitors plaguing Penelope and plotting to kill Telemachos.
• c. Suitors: He disguises self as beggar and comes to palace. Recognized by dog Argos, who immediately dies. Treated badly. Talks to Penelope. Recognized by his old nurse Eurykleia. Figts Irus, another beggar. Bow contest decided on by Pen, who cannot fight off suitors any longer, ruse of the web has been discovered. No one can string bow (Telemachos almost did). Odysseus strings it, kills all the suitors, fumigates the palace, hangs 12 seduced maids. Reveals self to Penelope. Tests his father, Laertes, who helps him fight the suitors' father, until Athena comes between them to make a lasting peace.

10. The Death of Odysseus:

• In Book 11, Teiresias had predicted the end of Odysseus's life. Pilgrimage he must make inland, and the sacrifice to Poseidon. Death will come to him ex halos, from out of the sea. His son Telegonos (by Circe) sails to Ithaca in search of him. He raids the island, which is defended by Odysseus. Telegonos kills him without knowing who he is.