(A) Voltage step from 0.5 V to 0.0 V (UPD voltage), followed by a hold at 0.0 V for 1 min, followed by a linear scan at 6 mV/s from 0.0 to 0.5 V. Total measurement time 212 s. Frames are repeated continuously.

Time resolved FT-EIS for Cu- UPD on Au. UPD is activated by a potential step

(B) Au electrode in 0.05 M NaClO4

(C) Au electrode in 0.6 mM Cu 2+  + 0.05 M NaClO4