(A) Voltage step from 0.5 V to -0.2 V (BD voltage), followed by a hold at -0.2 V for 30 s, followed by a linear scan at 6 mV/s from -0.2 V to 0.5 V. Frames are repeated continuously.

Time resolved FT-EIS for Cu- BD on Au. BD is activated by a potential step. Stripping of Cu is controlled by a voltage scan.

(B) Au electrode in 0.05 M NaClO4

(C) Au electrode in 0.6 mM Cu 2+ + 0.05 M NaClO4