// Vector.h
//
// A class Vector similar to the STL container vector.
// Version 1.2
//
// New in this version:
//   copy constructor, assignment operator, destructor
//
// Included from earlier versions:
//   Vector(), Vector(n), Vector(init_list)
//   size(), indexing operator
//   iterators, constant iterators
//   begin, end, cbegin, cend
//   erase, insert (memory but not time efficient)

#ifndef _Vector_h_
#define _Vector_h_

#include <algorithm>
#include <initializer_list>

template <class T>
class Vector
{
public:
    typedef T * iterator;
    typedef const T * const_iterator;

    Vector() : buffer_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
    explicit Vector(int n);
    Vector(const std::initializer_list<T> & init_list);
    Vector(const Vector & v);

    ~Vector() { delete [] buffer_; }

    int size() const { return size_; }

    T & operator[](int i) { return buffer_[i]; }
    const T & operator[](int i) const { return buffer_[i]; }

    Vector<T> & operator=(const Vector<T> & v);

    iterator begin() { return buffer_; }
    const_iterator begin() const { return buffer_; }
    const_iterator cbegin() const { return buffer_; }

    iterator end() { return buffer_ + size_; }
    const_iterator end() const { return buffer_ + size_; }
    const_iterator cend() const { return buffer_ + size_; }

    iterator erase(const_iterator itr);
    iterator insert(const_iterator itr, const T & e);

private:
    T * buffer_;
        // points to a dynamically allocated array that
        // contains the vector elements
    int size_;
        // the number of elements in the vector (and the size of
        // the buffer)

    // Returns pointer to new buffer of size n.  Returns
    // nullptr if n == 0.
    T * get_new_buffer(int n) const;
};

template <class T>
inline T * Vector<T>::get_new_buffer(int n) const
{
    return (n == 0 ? nullptr : new T[n]());
}

template <class T>
inline Vector<T>::Vector(int n)
{
    buffer_ = get_new_buffer(n);
    size_ = n;
}

template <class T>
inline Vector<T>::Vector(const std::initializer_list<T> & init_list)
{
    buffer_ = get_new_buffer(init_list.size());
    std::copy(init_list.begin(), init_list.end(), buffer_);
    size_ = init_list.size();
}

template <class T>
inline typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::erase(
    Vector<T>::const_iterator const_itr)
{
    T * new_buffer = get_new_buffer(size_ - 1);
    iterator new_itr = std::copy(cbegin(), const_itr, new_buffer);
    std::copy(const_itr + 1, cend(), new_itr);
    delete [] buffer_;
    buffer_ = new_buffer;
    --size_;
    return new_itr;
}

template <class T>
inline typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::insert(
    Vector<T>::const_iterator const_itr, const T & e)
{
    T * new_buffer = get_new_buffer(size_ + 1);
    iterator new_itr = std::copy(cbegin(), const_itr, new_buffer);
    *new_itr = e;
    std::copy(const_itr, cend(), new_itr + 1);
    delete [] buffer_;
    buffer_ = new_buffer;
    ++size_;
    return new_itr;
}

template <class T>
inline Vector<T>::Vector(const Vector & v)
{
    buffer_ = get_new_buffer(v.size());
    std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), buffer_);
    size_ = v.size();
}

template <class T>
inline Vector<T> & Vector<T>::operator=(const Vector<T> & v)
{
    // Note: The current buffer of the receiver won't be
    // deallocated until a new buffer has been successfully
    // allocated and filled with a copy of v's buffer.  This
    // prevents problems in case the allocation fails or the
    // calling function did "v = v".

    T * new_buffer = get_new_buffer(v.size());
    std::copy(v.begin(), v.end(), new_buffer);

    // deallocate old buffer, if there is one
    delete [] buffer_;

    // give new buffer to receiver
    buffer_ = new_buffer;
    size_ = v.size();

    return *this;
}

#endif